Answer : Solution 1: As Tan Yong Boon stated, it is Bent’s Rule with which we can explain the lower bond angle of \ce N F 3 \ce{NF3} \ce NF 3 when compared to \ce N H 3 \ce{NH3} \ce N H 3 . The rule as stated by Henry Bent: Atomic s character concentrates in orbitals directed towards electropositive substituents. Fluorine is more electronegative that hydrogen, and the \ce N − F \ce{N−F} \ce N − F bond would have greater p character than the \ce N − H \ce{N−H} \ce N − H bond. And more s character leads to large bond angles. Thus, the bond angle is greater in \ce N H 3 \ce{NH3} \ce N H 3 than in \ce N F 3 \ce{NF3} \ce NF 3 . Now, consider \ce N C l 3 \ce{NCl3} \ce NCl 3 . Clearly, \ce C l \ce{Cl} \ce Cl atom islarger in size than the central atom, nitrogen. Hence the higher bond angle here is due to the steric crowding caused by \ce C l \ce{Cl} \ce Cl atoms.(More pronounced than the electrongativity of \ce C l \ce{Cl} \ce Cl atom). They repel eachother and hence b...
Answer : InfoPlus21 is process historian containing list of templates of different tag structure e.g. IP_AnalogDef, IP_DescreteDef, IP_TextDef etc. Based on process tags from DCS/OPC/Any other historian, the IP21 records are created and each record acts as a table in historian. ANS1: Aspentech software is only windows based compatibility however IP21 aspenONE Process Explorer is web based and therefore you can access it over any operating system using host url. ANS2: you can try SELECT statement to get data from IP21 Historian using it's end-user component SQLPlus or on excel add-ins. e.g. SELECT NAME, IP_DESCRIPTION, IP_PLANT_AREA, IP_ENG_UNITS FROM IP_ANALOGDEF RESULTS: I hope this help you understand better. Otherwise you need to first learn the structure of your IP21 historian tags to build the query e.g. If it has customized structure, then you have to build your own. Welcome in industrial-IT ! For these technology, the best option is the 'AspenTech...
Answer : In C the unsigned char data type is the only data type that has all the following three properties simultaneously it has no padding bits, that it where all storage bits contribute to the value of the data no bitwise operation starting from a value of that type, when converted back into that type, can produce overflow, trap representations or undefined behavior it may alias other data types without violating the "aliasing rules", that is that access to the same data through a pointer that is typed differently will be guaranteed to see all modifications if these are the properties of a "binary" data type you are looking for, you definitively should use unsigned char . For the second property we need a type that is unsigned . For these all conversion are defined with modulo arihmetic, here modulo UCHAR_MAX+1 , 256 in most 99% of the architectures. All conversion of wider values to unsigned char thereby just corresponds to truncation to the leas...
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